Scientific conference: Dilemmas and challenges in the field of withholding tax in the context of Poland's competitiveness as an investment jurisdiction

11 Dec 2024

International Tax Association in Poland (IFA Polish Branch), Centre for Fiscal Studies of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń and Collegium of Business Administration of the Warsaw School of Economics

invite you to the scientific conference "Dilemmas and challenges in the field of withholding tax in the context of Poland’s competitiveness as an investment jurisdiction", which will be held on Wednesday, December 11, 2024, from 9.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. in hall II in building C of the Warsaw School of Economics (al. Niepodległości 128, 02-554 Warsaw) and online (link: Join the meeting); Identification number: 323 971 205 815; Access code: L9oQ9pE2).

Free admission.

The aim of the conference is to discuss dilemmas in the field of regulations and case law issued based on them. 

The provisions regulating deduction of withholding tax have been subject to significant changes. These included, among others, the introduction of payer due diligence requirements and the pay & refund model, which are perceived by entrepreneurs as overly complicated and, consequently, unclear. The case law regarding withholding tax provisions is not uniform.

Significant controversies concern  the constitutionality and compliance with European Union law  of the provisions on the application of exemptions and reduced withholding tax rates to dividends, interests and royalties.

Doubts are also raised  by the law-making interpretation of the prerequisites for the application of the above-mentioned tax preferences including imposing additional requirements for the application of exemptions, which are regulated in the EU PS and IR Directives, reference to the conditions set out in bilateral double tax treaties and documents that are not sources of law, e.g. a commentary to the OECD Model Convention or draft explanations of the Ministry of Finance. Such an approach may be considered contrary to the principle of specificity of public levies expressed in Article 217 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and raise doubts as to its compliance with EU law.

There are contradictory positions on the application of Article 22c of the Corporate Income Tax Act regarding the dilemma of whether the addressee of this provision is the tax remitter or the taxpayer. The application of the special anti-abuse clause mentioned in the cited provision may be more severe for the taxpayer (remitter) than the application of the GAAR clause.

The application of  the Beneficial Owner concept (treated – without legal basis – as a specific anti-abuse clause) and  the look-through approach has not been regulated by law or included in the final explanations of the Ministry of Finance, while there is changing and inconsistent case law on their application, which may lead to unequal treatment of tax remitters and taxpayers.  The standards of due diligence and evidence proceedings in this respect have also not been regulated.

The above situation may lead to the perception of Poland as an unattractive investment jurisdiction by Polish and foreign entrepreneurs in terms of stability and quality of tax law. In the case of effective taxation of the repatriation of profits at the level of 38% (19% CIT and 19% WHT) or the payment of interest and royalties with withholding tax at the level of 20%, Poland may lose existing investments and prospects for attracting new investments. Entrepreneurs also have a negative perception of fiscal criminal proceedings in the area of withholding tax.

Disputes in the area of withholding tax may result in MAP and BIT procedures being initiated on the basis of agreements on the promotion and mutual protection of investments by investors from third countries.

The key topic of the conference is to answer the questions of what tax policy and actions Poland can take in order to ensure clear and modern regulations in the area of WHT balancing the interests of tax authorities and remitters/taxpayers.

The conference aims to create a discussion forum for representatives of business, doctrine, tax administration and tax advisors. Among the panelists, the invitation was accepted by representatives of the world of science, business and tax advisors.

 

OUTLINE PLAN OF THE CONFERENCE:

9.00 – 9.10: Welcoming guests

Krzysztof Lasiński-Sulecki, PhD, DSc, Associate Professor,

Aleksander Werner, PhD, DSc, Associate Professor and

Michał Nowacki (IFA)

9.10 – 9.20: Opening of the conference:

His Magnificence Professor Piotr Wachowiak, PhD, Warsaw School of Economics. Rector of the Warsaw School of Economics

9.20 – 9.40: Introductory lecture

Wojciech Morawski, PhD, DSc, Associate Professor, “Effects of changing the line of rulings of courts and tax authorities – why should a tax remitter who was not a fortune teller pay for it?”

9.40 – 11.10: PANEL I: Challenges for business in the field of withholding tax 

Moderator: Michał Broniewicz, Vice President of the Board, Council of Polish Global Entrepreneurs

Panel discussion:

  • Perception of withholding tax regulations by business representatives
  • Doubts as to the constitutionality of the WHT regulations
  • Challenges for business related to ensuring compliance in the area of withholding tax (among others: due diligence, pay and refund, remitter's statement, opinions on the application of tax preferences)
  • Challenges related to the management of WHT controversies in the area of dividends, royalties and interest – experience in tax, administrative court and penal fiscal proceedings,
  • WHT and TP controversies in the area of dividends, royalties and interest,
  • Impact on the perception of Poland as an investment jurisdiction,
  • Postulates

Participants: Adam Wacławczyk (Deloitte), tax advisor Michał Zdyb, Anna Stępniak (business representative), Rezan Ökten (Dentons NL, lecturer at the University of Amsterdam (UvA)), Michał Nowacki (Wardyński & Partners, IFA) and Izabela Andrzejewska-Czernek (IFA)

11.10 – 11.30: coffee break

11.30 a.m. – 1.15 p.m.: PANEL II: Legal dilemmas in the area of withholding tax

Moderator: Krzysztof Lasiński-Sulecki, PhD, DSc, Associate Professor

11.30 – 12.00 Introductory lecture by dr hab. Błażej Kuźniacki, prof. UŁa, entitled “7 main errors in the interpretation of the Supreme Administrative Court in cases regarding BO – causes and effects”

Panel discussion:

  • Payer's responsibility and due diligence standards
  • Look-through
  • Procedural aspects of proving the status of a BO
  • The case-law of the Court of Justice and its impact on the understanding of national law
  • Evidentiary requirements for the payer's due diligence standards,
  • General interpretations in WHT cases
  • Guidelines/perspectives of guidelines in the field of BO and look-through, which the Ministry of Finance is working on
  • Postulates

Participants: Jakub Jankowski, PhD (MF, to be confirmed), Filip Majdowski, PhD (EY), Mateusz Raińczuk (Deloitte), Anna Karczewska, tax advisor and member of the Anti-Tax Avoidance Council

13.15 – 13.45: coffee break

13.45 – 15.15: PANEL III: Withholding tax in international regulations, case law of the CJEU and other EU countries – challenges and perspectives

Moderator: Prof. Jadwiga Glumińska – Pawlic (University of Silesia)

13.45 – 14.00 - lecture by Dr. Svitlana Buriak, assistant professor at the University of Amsterdam (UvA), on Danish judgments and other WHT cases

Panel discussion with the participation of: representative of the doctrine, National Revenue Administration, business, tax advisor

  • Evolution of the ECJ jurisprudence in WHT cases
  • Should special anti-abuse clauses have more severe consequences for the taxpayer (remitter) than GAAR?
  • Is the Parent Subsidiary Directive adapted to the current requirements?
  • Does the evolution of EU law (the proposed Unshell and Faster Directives) solve the current challenges and needs of business?
  • Are there any issues in the area of withholding tax that should be the subject of questions referred for a preliminary ruling?
  • MAP, BIT and other WHT disputes measures and procedures
  • Postulates

Participants:

Dr Giammarco Cottani, Head of Tax, lecturer at UvA, Tomasz Leszczewski (DZP), Dr Mikołaj Kondej (PWC), dr hab. Artur Nowak-Far (Warsaw School of Economics)

15.15: Summary and closing of the conference

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